3.1 Epistemological Framework and Mixed-Method Synthesis Design
The methodological architecture for evaluating institutional Open Educational Resource (OER) adoption across Vietnamese tertiary institutions operates through an integrated socio-technical and boundary-object epistemological framework. Because educational resources serve as collaborative boundary objects bridging academic departments, administrative governing boards, and library units (crossref-10-1016-j-lisr-2022-101154, 2022), evaluating their institutionalization requires a comprehensive mixed-method synthesis capable of capturing macro-level governance policies alongside micro-level stakeholder behaviors. The research design operationalizes multi-level analytical dimensions to address systemic integration barriers and optimization avenues in the Vietnamese tertiary sector (W4312215966, 2022). Quantitative measurement instruments measure user-level adoption intentions, expectancy dynamics, and institutional perception vectors among university cohorts (W3013221206, 2020). Simultaneously, qualitative documentary analyses evaluate institutional regulatory guidelines, intellectual property frameworks, infrastructure readiness, and departmental incentive structures across diverse university contexts. Triangulating quantitative behavioral determinants with qualitative institutional diagnostics resolves common methodological biases inherent in single-paradigm educational research, thereby ensuring construct validity across differentiated disciplinary environments. Consequently, this methodological convergence establishes a rigorous empirical foundation for formulating a sustainable, context-sensitive institutional OER adoption model tailored to national higher education digital transformation agendas.