Theoretical Frameworks of Multilingualism and Epistemic Access
Theoretical frameworks addressing linguistic diversity in South African higher education diverge significantly in whether they conceptualise language through micro-pedagogical scaffolding or macro-structural decolonial transformation. One prevailing paradigm approaches multilingualism primarily as an applied teaching and learning strategy designed to optimise curriculum delivery and student comprehension, arguing that the deliberate inclusion of multiple languages enhances conceptual engagement and cognitive access across disciplines ("Multilingualism: An Effective Learning and Teaching Strategy," 2024). Extending this instructional view, translanguaging frameworks redefine linguistic boundaries in university classrooms, conceptualising the fluid deployment of multilingual repertoires by both lecturers and students as a crucial asset for collaborative knowledge construction rather than a remedial intervention ("Language Usage in Multilingual University Classrooms," 2026). In contrast to these pragmatic classroom-level approaches, decolonial theories frame language policy as an ideological imperative, asserting that multilingual reform must be fundamentally tied to curriculum decolonisation and the systematic reclamation of indigenous knowledge systems ("Decolonizing Education in Africa," 2025). While translanguaging models focus on immediate communicative fluidity and epistemic access within existing institutional parameters, decolonial perspectives demand a structural restructuring of epistemic authority, interrogating the historical dominance of English and advocating for the institutional empowerment of African languages. Synthesising these differing theoretical strands demonstrates that multilingual higher education policy requires reconciling immediate classroom translanguaging practices with long-term systemic curricular transformation.