Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations of Just Energy Transition
Conceptualising energy transitions within fossil-fuel-dependent territories requires moving beyond purely technocratic perspectives to address structural socio-economic transformations. In traditional mono-industrial basins, industrial identity, employment stability, and communal coherence are deeply entwined with mineral extraction. Consequently, structural decarbonisation induces substantial social friction when managed through centralized, top-down mandates [1]. Theoretical models of deliberative and polycentric governance suggest that legitimacy in industrial restructuring relies heavily on procedural justice, where decision-making authority is shared among regional authorities, local businesses, and community stakeholders [1]. However, macroscopic economic models that forecast net positive national employment often fail to account for spatial and temporal misalignments, as emerging renewable investments rarely materialize in the specific geographic localities enduring fossil-fuel phase-outs [3]. In resource-dependent economies such as South Africa, these friction points manifest in short-term, precarious employment profiles that remain geographically separated from marginalized mining settlements, thereby diluting the poverty-reduction capacity of transition initiatives [2]. Bridging these theoretical perspectives reveals that procedural justice cannot remain an abstract democratic ideal; it must function as an institutional mechanism capable of reconciling national decarbonisation commitments with regional socio-economic stability.