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Green Hydrogen Export Infrastructure, a Capstone for the Red Sea Region

Large-scale green hydrogen export architectures in the Red Sea region integrate multi-terminal logistical networks and renewable generation assets to serve global decarbonization markets. Optimal carrier selection between compressed gas, liquefied hydrogen, and ammonia is fundamentally governed by maritime transport distances, carbon pricing thresholds, and multi-coastline routing strategies. Strategic infrastructure deployment strengthens regional economic resilience while mitigating upstream vulnerability and geopolitical supply chain disruptions.

معاينة المستند

هذه معاينة موجزة. تتضمن النسخة الكاملة نصاً موسعاً لجميع الأقسام، وخاتمة، وقائمة مراجع منسقة.

Bachelor's Thesis

Degree:
Green Hydrogen Export Infrastructure, a Capstone for the Red Sea Region

Author:

Group

First M. Last

Advisor:

Dr. First Last

City, 2026

Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1. Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations of Green Hydrogen Supply Chains
1.1. Fundamentals of Power-to-X Systems and Electrolysis Technologies
1.2. Energy Carrier Pathways: Compressed Gas, Liquefied Hydrogen, and Ammonia
1.3. Geographic and Logistical Determinants in Maritime Energy Corridors
1.4. Review of International Literature on Decarbonized Export Networks
Chapter 2. Methodological Framework and Analytical Modeling of Export Infrastructure
2.1. Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Formulation
Analysis
2.3. Assessment of Life-Cycle Emissions and Carbon Pricing Dynamics
2.4. Maritime Routing and Distance Threshold Criteria
Analysis
3.1. Strategic Position and Multi-Coastline Advantages of the Red Sea
3.2. Evaluation of Upstream Production Zones and Offshore Renewable Integration
3.3. Carrier Trade-Offs Across European and Asian Destination Markets
3.4. Exposure to Geopolitical Shocks and Supply Chain Resilience
Chapter 4. Strategic Implementation, Risk Governance, and Policy Recommendations
4.1. Project Bankability and Financing Structures for Power-to-X Infrastructure
4.2. Risk Mitigation Protocols Using Digital Architecture and Traceability
4.3. Regional Policy Roadmap and Phased Investment Architecture
Conclusion
Bibliography

Introduction

The decarbonization of global energy systems necessitates the rapid scaling of zero-carbon molecular vectors, positioning green hydrogen as a primary pillar for industrial transformation. Production zones located along pivotal maritime corridors hold distinct potential for large-scale energy export, yet selecting conversion pathways and marine transport networks entails multi-decade capital lock-in [1]. Evaluating structural export pathways requires balancing upstream renewable resource availability with downstream market integration across distinct geographical theaters.

Traditional energy transition frameworks frequently evaluate production sites or import-side networks in isolation, disregarding export-side logistical optimization and multi-coastline geographical advantages. The Red Sea basin represents a critical node connecting regional solar and wind potential with major demand centers across Europe and Asia. However, systemic disruptions, volatile carbon pricing mechanisms, and complex carrier conversion trade-offs challenge the design of cost-effective and resilient export architectures [1][5].

This diploma thesis establishes a structured techno-economic and logistical framework for green hydrogen export infrastructure tailored to the Red Sea region. Utilizing multi-period optimization principles, multi-criteria decision frameworks, and macroeconomic shock assessment models [1][3][5], the investigation delineates optimal carrier pathways across varied distance bands. The study provides systematic pathways to minimize systemic abatement costs, stabilize long-term export flows, and advance regional strategic diversification.

The inquiry systematically structures the spatial, financial, and logistical variables governing regional export hubs, identifying infrastructure configurations that maximize energy efficiency while mitigating geopolitical vulnerabilities. By synthesizing supply chain modeling techniques with policy appraisal standards, the resulting framework offers a rigorous foundation for infrastructure investment and regulatory planning in modern clean energy corridors.

3.3. Carrier Trade-Offs Across European and Asian Destination Markets

Applying multi-objective network optimization to the Red Sea green hydrogen corridor demonstrates that export carrier selection and terminal configuration are directly governed by maritime distance thresholds and carbon pricing dynamics (Optimizing Hydrogen Supply Chain Networks, 2026). When evaluating energy carriers for long-distance maritime trade, ammonia and liquefied hydrogen exhibit distinct thermodynamic and economic profiles across destination nodes. Ammonia synthesis provides superior volumetric energy density and leverages established global transport networks for extended voyages toward East Asian demand centers, whereas compressed hydrogen and direct derivatives offer reduced capital intensity over shorter maritime distances where reconversion losses can be minimized (Evaluating Renewable Energy Sites, 2024). Concurrently, coupling upstream coastal and marine renewable energy installations with dedicated electrolysis infrastructure mitigates terrestrial grid congestion and ensures reliable electricity supply for continuous Power-to-X operations (Offshore Renewable Energy Resources, 2019). Under comprehensive multi-criteria decision frameworks, the integration of carbon pricing policies significantly shifts optimal routing strategies, penalizing lifecycle carrier degradation and favoring optimized maritime logistics corridors (Optimizing Hydrogen Supply Chain Networks, 2026). Consequently, the overall competitiveness of the Red Sea hydrogen export architecture relies on tailoring conversion infrastructure to specific destination markets while maximizing the geographic advantages inherent to its maritime junction.

References

  1. Optimizing hydrogen supply chain networks for climate change mitigation: a multi-objective MILP framework with carbon pricing and geographic advantages
    Majdi Argoubi, Khaled Mili
    رابط DOI
  2. Project Finance and Bankability in Green Hydrogen and ‘Power-to-X’ Derivatives Infrastructure: Risks, Costs and Competitiveness Across the Supply Chain
    Farid Mohamadi
    رابط DOI
  3. Evaluating Renewable Energy Sites in the Green Hydrogen Supply Chain with Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
    Kasin Ransikarbum, Hartmut Zadek, Jettarat Janmontree
    رابط DOI
  4. Simulation of Green Supply Chain Design With Renewable Energy and Green Technology for Intensifying Sustainability After COVID-19
    Amitab Bhattacharjee, Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi
  5. Clean energy and the fragile supply chain: lessons from U.S.-China trade tensions and energy shocks
    Kamel Si Mohammed, Magdalena Rãdulescu, Said Khalfa Brika et al.
  6. Offshore renewable energy resources and their potential in a green hydrogen supply chain through power-to-gas
    Irfan Ahmad Gondal
  7. Blockchain-enabled risk mitigation in green hydrogen supply chains: an interval type-2 fuzzy MCDM approach
    Behzad Masoomi, Seyed Pendar Toufighi, Hosein Arman et al.
  8. Is the supply chain ready for the green transformation? The case of offshore wind logistics
    Thomas Poulsen, Rasmus Lema

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