İçeriğe atla

Equity and Regional Variation in Renewable-Grid Bottlenecks and Green-Hydrogen Industry

Uneven spatial distributions of renewable generation capacity and electrical grid constraints create severe regional imbalances in clean energy curtailment and industrial hydrogen production potential. Integrating green hydrogen deployment with localized grid congestion management provides a technical storage pathway to absorb renewable surpluses while addressing geographic disparities in energy infrastructure access. A balanced spatial planning framework that evaluates network bottlenecks, resource endowments, and environmental trade-offs is essential to ensure regional equity across national energy transitions.

Çalışmanın Amacı

To evaluate spatial equity and regional variation in grid bottlenecks and green hydrogen deployment across differentiated energy production regions.

Metodoloji

Comparative multi-criteria spatial analysis of published regional case studies, transmission reports, and techno-economic environmental frameworks.

Bilimsel Yenilik

Synthesizes regional transmission bottleneck modeling with environmental water stress and spatial equity dimensions in energy policy.

Belge Önizleme

Bu kısa bir önizlemedir. Tam sürüm, tüm bölümler için genişletilmiş metin, bir sonuç ve biçimlendirilmiş bir kaynakça içerir.

PhD Dissertation

Degree:
Equity and Regional Variation in Renewable-Grid Bottlenecks and Green-Hydrogen Industry

Author:

Group

First M. Last

Advisor:

Dr. First Last

City, 2026

Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1. Theoretical Foundations of Spatial Energy Justice and Power-to-Gas Systems
1.1 Conceptualizing Equity in Regional Energy Transitions
1.2 Political Ecology of Grid Constraints and Curtailment
1.3 Power-to-X Integration and Electrolysis Economics
1.4 Spatial Bottlenecks and Distributional Disparities
Chapter 2. Methodological Framework for Spatial and Techno-Economic Synthesis
2.1 Comparative Multi-Regional Assessment Criteria
2.2 Spatial Evaluation of Resource Endowments and Grid Congestion
2.3 Techno-Economic Modeling of Hydrogen Hubs and Water Stress
2.4 Data Corpus, Document Boundaries, and Analytical Limitations
Chapter 3. Analysis of Regional Renewable Curtailment and Network Bottlenecks
3.1 Spatial Distribution of Non-Dispatchable Renewable Surplus
3.2 Transmission Congestion and Localized Generation Constraints
3.3 Storage Disparities Between Island and Mainland Topologies
3.4 Feedstock Viability of Curtailed Electricity for Electrolysis
Chapter 4. Resource-Nexus Bottlenecks and Industrial Siting Disparities
4.1 The Renewable Energy-Water Scarcity Nexus in Industrial Clustering
4.2 Coastal Versus Inland Spatial Trajectories for Hydrogen Deployment
4.3 Infrastructure Discrepancies in Geological and Hybrid Storage
4.4 Environmental Trade-Offs and Regional Decarbonization Balances
Chapter 5. Critical Discussion on Just Transition and Policy Governance
5.1 Equity Asymmetries in Cross-Regional Hydrogen Subsidies
5.2 Mitigating Regional Disparities via Co-Optimized Grid Strategies
5.3 Regulatory Frameworks for Equitable Micro-Grid and Macro-Grid Coupling
5.4 Socio-Technical Pathways for Regional Hydrogen Ecosystems
6.1 Summary of Findings Across Regional Typologies
6.2 Policy Blueprints for Spatial Co-Optimization and Grid Justice
6.3 Pathways for Future Interdisciplinary Energy Research
Chapter 6. Theoretical Framework
Chapter 6. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
Bibliography

Introduction

Disparities in regional transmission capacity and renewable energy absorption constitute a central challenge for modern power systems transitioning toward zero-carbon architectures. As high shares of non-dispatchable generation saturate localized networks, transmission bottlenecks cause substantial renewable energy curtailment across leading production zones, creating both economic losses and structural operational friction [1]. Transforming these localized electricity surpluses into green hydrogen offers an avenue to alleviate congestion, store intermittent power, and decarbonize difficult-to-abate industrial sectors [4].

However, the spatial distribution of renewable generation, grid capacity, and essential auxiliary inputs is fundamentally uneven across geographical jurisdictions. Regions rich in solar and wind resources frequently experience severe transmission constraints, islanded grid topologies, or acute local water stress, which complicates the deployment of large-scale electrolysis facilities [5]. This geographical mismatch exposes acute equity dilemmas, wherein peripheral generation zones absorb the local environmental and infrastructural burdens of power generation without securing proportional access to clean industrial value chains or balanced economic revitalization.

Evaluating the interplay between electrical grid bottlenecks and green hydrogen deployment requires a rigorous, multi-criteria spatial lens that bridges engineering feasibility with spatial justice. Previous sectoral models frequently overlook the regional equity consequences of centralized hydrogen investments, underestimating how differential access to geological storage, freshwater resources, and transmission corridors reinforces uneven regional development [1, 5]. Investigating these intersecting dynamics provides vital insights into optimizing regional energy infrastructure without exacerbating geographic and economic fractures across national energy systems.

This inquiry systematically assesses the systemic drivers of regional variation in renewable energy curtailment and investigates how targeted green hydrogen infrastructure can mitigate grid congestion while promoting spatial equity. By synthesizing techno-economic parameters, spatial environmental constraints, and grid management frameworks, this work establishes an analytical foundation for regionally differentiated decarbonization strategies [1, 4, 5]. The resulting framework bridges energy infrastructure planning and regional equity to guide balanced transition policies.

2.3 Techno-Economic Modeling of Hydrogen Hubs and Water Stress

This methodology employs a multi-criteria spatial and techno-economic assessment framework to evaluate the feasibility of green hydrogen production across constrained regional transmission systems. To capture geographic disparities in clean energy curtailment and grid bottlenecks, the analytical model synthesizes regional non-dispatchable generation profiles, localized transmission congestion thresholds, and electrolyzer conversion parameters. Following scenario-based approaches applied to multi-regional grid evaluations, the modeling framework differentiates between mainland networks possessing access to geological storage configurations and isolated island topologies characterized by stringent infrastructure and export limitations (Gkeka-Serpetsidaki et al., 2026). This comparative classification enables the quantification of regional hydrogen output potential and avoided emissions resulting from the capture of curtailed electricity feedstocks. Simultaneously, the spatial architecture incorporates environmental resource indicators to account for local water scarcity. In accordance with geographic information systems and fuzzy logic criteria developed for spatial hydrogen planning, the model couples solar irradiation, wind power density, and water stress parameters to evaluate siting viability under evolving climate projections (Akyüz et al., 2026). Incorporating fuzzy membership functions ensures that regions exhibiting concurrent high renewable potential and severe water stress are systematically identified for specialized technical pathways, such as seawater-based electrolysis configurations, rather than conventional freshwater sourcing. By integrating technical curtailment dynamics with spatial multi-criteria decision frameworks, the methodological protocol rigorously evaluates how regional infrastructure asymmetries govern the operational economics and environmental sustainability of localized hydrogen hubs.

References

  1. Green Hydrogen Production to Mitigate Renewable Energy Curtailment in the Greek Grid
    Marianna Basoulou, Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos
    DOI Bağlantısı
  2. Renewable Energy-Based Micro-Grid for Clean Electricity and Green Hydrogen Production
    Issa Zaiter, Ahmad Mayyas, Raed Jaradat
    DOI Bağlantısı
  3. Green hydrogen is a necessary component of a grid with an increasing non-dispatchable renewable energy supply
    Alberto Boretti
    DOI Bağlantısı
  4. On-Grid Hybrid PV/WT Renewable Energy System for Green Hydrogen Production
    Nourdine Kabouche, Fares Meziane, Ilyes Nouicer et al.
  5. Water stress-renewable energy nexus for green hydrogen: A spatial assessment framework in Türkiye
    Ahmet Şekeroğlu
  6. Grid Congestion Management Based on the Renewable Energy Zones and Clustering of Grid Congestion Conditions
    Yujiro Tanno, Akihisa Kaneko, Yasuhiro Hayashi et al.
  7. Cost and CO2 emissions co-optimisation of green hydrogen production in a grid-connected renewable energy system
    Sleiman Farah, Neeraj Bokde, Gorm Bruun Andresen
  8. Solar Renewable Energy–Powered Green Hydrogen Production
    Mira Chitt

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