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Heat Pump Retrofit under Rental Constraints, a Campus Pilot

Electrification of thermal energy in leased residential properties faces significant institutional barriers, primarily driven by the split-incentive dilemma and rigid tenancy contracts. Deploying heat pump systems alongside automated demand-response controls and shared savings agreements resolves financial misalignments between housing providers and occupants. The resulting governance and technical framework enables institutional landlords to scale residential decarbonization across campus facilities while preserving grid stability and cost efficiency.

Doel van het werk

Develop an actionable governance and technical retrofit model for deploying grid-responsive heat pumps in university rental properties.

Implementatieplan

  • 1.Review legal and financial split-incentive mechanisms in European residential tenancy.
  • 2.Assess operational data from grid-responsive heat pump optimization pilots.
  • 3.Formulate a scalable campus deployment roadmap and lease adjustment template.

Voorvertoning document

Dit is een beknopte voorvertoning. De volledige versie bevat uitgebreide tekst voor alle secties, een conclusie en een geformatteerde bibliografie.

Course Project

Degree:
Heat Pump Retrofit under Rental Constraints, a Campus Pilot

Author:

Group

First M. Last

Advisor:

Dr. First Last

City, 2026

Contents

Introduction
1. Project Description and Institutional Governance Context
1.1 Institutional Tenancy Framework and Split-Incentive Dynamics
1.2 Building Envelope Baseline and Thermal Energy Requirements
2. Implementation Architecture and Governance Controls
2.1 Multi-Energy System Sizing and Integration Protocols
2.2 Automated Demand-Response and Pricing Signal Controls
Analysis
3.1 Grid Flexibility and Peak-Shaving Performance
3.2 Cost Allocation and Split-Incentive Mitigation
4. Recommendations and Scaling Priorities
4.1 Campus Housing Rollout and Contractual Templates
Conclusion
Bibliography

Introduction

Decarbonizing residential heating infrastructure remains a major challenge within multi-occupant rental housing due to structural misalignments between capital expenditure and operational benefits [3]. The split-incentive dilemma discourages property owners from investing in high-efficiency thermal upgrades when energy bill reductions accrue predominantly to tenants, while institutional tenancy frameworks limit occupant agency in building modifications [3][5]. Integrating heat pumps into rental environments requires addressing both legal and physical constraints while ensuring grid responsiveness [1].

Recent pilot deployments demonstrate that coupling residential heat pump systems with automated demand-side management and onsite renewable generation can mitigate financial risks and optimize operating schedules [1][2]. By aligning heat pump thermal cycles with dynamic electricity pricing and grid carbon intensity, automated control architectures lower aggregate utility expenses without compromising indoor comfort standards [2][6]. However, standardizing these technical configurations across campus rental portfolios necessitates systematic evaluation.

This pilot project establishes a scalable operational model for heat pump retrofitting across campus residential housing by combining digital control interfaces, multi-energy modeling, and modified lease mechanisms [1][3][6]. Through secondary synthesis of operational pilot data and legal frameworks, this framework delineates specific governance controls and deployment phases to support institutional real estate managers in accelerating clean thermal transitions [3][4].

2.2 Automated Demand-Response and Pricing Signal Controls

The practical integration of heat pump retrofits within leased campus housing requires an automated demand-response architecture that couples space-heating schedules to fluctuating electricity tariffs. Structuring thermal management around dynamic pricing models provides a technical framework to shift electrical loads away from peak tariff periods without compromising indoor thermal comfort (Impact of variable electricity price on heat pump operated buildings, 2022). This operational choice addresses the central challenge of tenancy constraints, where split-incentive dilemmas often discourage capital investments in low-carbon technologies when operating savings accrue solely to tenants (Private Law as a Tool to Overcome Split Incentives on Energy Efficiency in the Residential Rental Market, 2024). By adopting predictive dispatch protocols tested in residential flexibility pilots, the control system modulates heat pump operation according to real-time grid conditions and day-ahead electricity prices (DEDALUS Factsheet, 2026). The decision to implement automated controls rather than manual occupant adjustment establishes standardized baseline energy profiles across leased units, preventing operational errors that degrade seasonal efficiency. Furthermore, coupling dynamic tariff tracking with institutional lease structures ensures that variable operating costs are systematically managed, enabling housing administrators to align decarbonization targets with predictable tenant utility contributions. This implementation architecture serves as a scalable template for multi-unit student accommodations, directly linking technical load flexibility with institutional energy governance.

References

  1. DEDALUS Factsheet | Irish Pilot - Heat Pump Optimisation for Residential Flexibility
    Skaloumpakas, Panos, Orfino, Ilaria
    DOI-link
  2. Impact of variable electricity price on heat pump operated buildings
    Mascherbauer, Philipp, Schöniger, Franziska, Kranzl, Lukas et al.
    DOI-link
  3. Private Law as a Tool to Overcome Split Incentives on Energy Efficiency in the Residential Rental Market
    Rosa M. Garcia-Teruel
    DOI-link
  4. Environmental sustainability and Energy Efficiency in Historical Buildings: GeoFit Project Implementation in the Case Study of a medieval fortress in Perugia
    Jessica Romanelli, Matteo Di Grazia, Cristina Piselli, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana
  5. Tenant Risk in the Residential Rental Market in Osogbo, Nigeria: Issues, Implications, and Mitigating Strategies
    Olanrewaju OLATUNDUN, Wasiu Akanji AYINDE, Mumini Abefe ABDULRAHEEM et al.
  6. Modelling of multi-energy systems of residential buildings with Calliope and validation of results
    Linder, Esther, Meyer, Manuel, Schneeberger, Sarah et al.

Bibliografie

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APA 7th Edition (Publication Manual)

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