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NEP 2020 Academic Bank of Credits and Cross-State Mobility, Evidence from Administrative Data

The integration of the Academic Bank of Credits under the National Education Policy 2020 establishes a digital architecture for modular credit accumulation and institutional transfer across Indian higher education. Administrative evidence highlights systemic complexities in inter-state credit recognition, curriculum synchronisation, and jurisdictional governance across regional institutions. Strategic alignment of credit valuation standards and digital infrastructure is essential to achieve frictionless student mobility and institutional interoperability.

कार्य का लक्ष्य

Evaluate the implementation of the Academic Bank of Credits under NEP 2020 and its structural efficacy in enabling cross-state student mobility.

कार्यप्रणाली

Desk-based analytical review of published policy frameworks, higher education administrative reports, and statutory regulatory documents.

वैज्ञानिक नवीनता

Synthesises sub-national administrative challenges to credit portability, addressing the gap between policy intent and cross-state institutional practice.

दस्तावेज़ विवरण

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Research Paper

Degree:
NEP 2020 Academic Bank of Credits and Cross-State Mobility, Evidence from Administrative Data

Author:

Group

First M. Last

Advisor:

Dr. First Last

City, 2026

Contents

Abstract
Introduction
Policy Framework and Structural Architecture of the Academic Bank of Credits
Institutional Mechanics of Credit Accumulation, Transfer, and Redemption
Methodological Assessment of Higher Education Administrative Records
Inter-State Academic Mobility and Credit Recognition Patterns
Systemic and Regulatory Hurdles in Cross-Jurisdictional Articulation
Discussion: Harmonising Multi-Level Governance for Flexible Learning Pathways
Conclusion and Strategic Implications for Policy Modernisation
Bibliography

Introduction

Higher education restructuring under the National Education Policy 2020 introduces modular learning mechanisms to foster seamless student mobility across Indian institutions [1]. Central to this reform is the Academic Bank of Credits, a centralised digital repository designed to store, verify, and transfer post-secondary academic attainments across diverse state jurisdictions [2]. This framework seeks to dismantle traditional academic rigidities by supporting multiple entry and exit pathways across undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.

Despite the architectural intent to enable seamless student migration across higher education institutions, significant operational variations persist across sub-national administrative systems [4]. Institutional disparities in curriculum alignment, credit evaluation standards, and technological adoption often impede the frictionless transfer of academic capital between state-regulated entities [6]. These institutional bottlenecks warrant systematic examination using emerging administrative records and policy documentation.

Evaluating the operationalisation of credit transfer mechanisms reveals essential insights into the practical realities of inter-state student mobility in India [5]. By synthesising current policy directives, institutional architectures, and documented administrative procedures, this analysis clarifies structural enablers and frictions within the national higher education landscape [3]. Consequently, this evaluation establishes strategic pathways to enhance systemic coherence and inter-institutional articulation across the Indian academic ecosystem.

Discussion: Harmonising Multi-Level Governance for Flexible Learning Pathways

The institutional implementation of the Academic Bank of Credits represents a transformative shift toward student-centred higher education, yet it necessitates robust governance coordination across state jurisdictions. As established under national policy mandates, the Academic Bank of Credits operates as a virtual repository responsible for opening, closing, and verifying digital academic accounts, thereby providing scholars with expanded autonomy to combine disciplines across traditional and online learning formats (National Education Policy 2020 and the Academic Bank of Credits System in the Context of Educational Development in India, 2023). This structural architecture facilitates genuine institutional portability by establishing clear parameters for credit retention across a multi-year horizon. Furthermore, the operational mechanism functions analogously to financial banking transactions, wherein curricular units undergo systematic accumulation, transfer, redemption, and formal recognition across varied learning environments (An Assessment on Academic Bank of Credits with Reference to the New Education Policy in India – 2020, 2025). This operational capability reinforces the multiple entry and exit framework, allowing learners to traverse institutional boundaries without forfeiting earned academic progress. Nonetheless, translating these digital mechanisms into seamless cross-state mobility demands comprehensive administrative interoperability between regional universities and central regulatory authorities. Regional divergence in curriculum articulation and credit valuation continues to pose administrative friction for migrating students. Overcoming these coordination bottlenecks requires higher education institutions to standardise credit conversion benchmarks and align local assessment conventions. Consequently, sustaining frictionless cross-state mobility relies on harmonised digital infrastructure, transparent inter-university articulation agreements, and continuous institutional commitment to modular degree pathways across state boundaries.

References

  1. An Academic Bank of Credits and Curriculum Mobility: A Structural and Policy Analysis under the National Education Policy 2020
    Dr. Kode Santhi Babu, Dr. Sake Akkulanna
    DOI लिंक
  2. NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 AND THE ACADEMIC BANK OF CREDITS SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
    Dr. Nitesh Rawat, Dr. Vijay Kumar, Vinay Kumar Yadav et al.
    DOI लिंक
  3. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EDUCATION AND NEP 2020: VISION, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES
    Dr. Verma N.
    DOI लिंक
  4. An Assessment on Academic Bank of Credits with Reference to the New Education Policy in India – 2020
    Sunita Fabian, Charles Godwin K
  5. Changes in Higher Education under the National Education Policy (NEP 2020) and its Role in Sustainable Development
    Sujata Wadekar
  6. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF TRANSFORMING INDIA THROUGH INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EDUCATION
    Dr. Thakur K.S.

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