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NEP 2020 Academic Bank of Credits and cross-state mobility, A Bounded Undergraduate Investigation

The implementation of the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) under India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a decentralised mechanism designed to facilitate seamless student mobility and credit transfer across diverse higher education institutions. This investigation examines how structural disparities, regional institutional readiness, and regulatory variations affect the operationalisation of cross-state undergraduate mobility through the digital credit depository. By synthesising existing policy frameworks and preliminary implementation reports, the analysis identifies systemic hurdles and outlines standardisation protocols necessary to establish a more unified national credit transfer ecosystem.

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NEP 2020 Academic Bank of Credits and cross-state mobility, A Bounded Undergraduate Investigation

Author:

Group

First M. Last

Advisor:

Dr. First Last

City, 2026

Contents

Certificate
Abstract
Service Section
Introduction
Chapter 1: Theoretical Foundations of the Academic Bank of Credits and Student Mobility
1.1 Conceptualising Credit Transfer in Higher Education
1.2 The Structure and Functions of the Academic Bank of Credits under NEP 2020
1.3 Historical Barriers to Cross-State Student Mobility in India
Chapter 2: Analytical Assessment of ABC Implementation and Mobility Dynamics
2.1 Regional Disparities in Institutional Readiness and Credit Acceptance
2.2 Operational Mechanisms and Inter-State Credit Compatibility
2.3 Regulatory and Technical Hurdles in Digital Credit Depositories
Chapter 3: Strategic Framework for Enhancing Cross-State Student Mobility
3.1 Standardisation Protocols for Inter-University Credit Equivalence
3.2 Policy Measures for Enhancing Awareness and Institutional Alignment
Conclusion
Bibliography

Introduction

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 seeks to revolutionise India's higher education system by introducing a flexible, multidisciplinary curriculum that promotes socio-economic and geographic mobility [2]. A central pillar of this reform is the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), which serves as a virtual storehouse for digitally recording and verifying academic credits earned by students [1]. This system aims to break down rigid institutional boundaries, thereby facilitating student mobility across diverse jurisdictions [3].

However, actualising cross-state mobility presents significant operational and structural challenges due to regional disparities in academic standards, administrative readiness, and digital infrastructure across Indian states [4]. While the ABC framework is designed to standardise credit accumulation and transfer, local institutional variations and the lack of a uniform curriculum mapping system create major integration gaps [5]. These friction points undermine the policy's potential to enable seamless transition between state-regulated higher education environments [6].

This bounded undergraduate investigation aims to evaluate the operational state of the ABC system in enabling cross-state student mobility. Employing a qualitative analysis of secondary policy documents and institutional reports, the work delineates the operational barriers between state-level structures [7]. The findings offer strategic recommendations for standardising credit equivalence and improving coordination, enhancing policy efficacy for undergraduate students nationwide [1].

2.2 Operational Mechanisms and Inter-State Credit Compatibility

The structural framework of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 positions educational equity and mobility as paramount imperatives for national development. Applying this mandate to the realm of undergraduate mobility, the policy establishes that quality education must remain accessible to all learners regardless of geographical location, providing marginalized and regional student cohorts with tangible pathways for social and academic advancement ("India National Education Policy (NEP) 2020", 2020). Within this analytical paradigm, the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) functions as an essential digital infrastructure designed to operationalize this vision. As a centralized virtual repository, the ABC system manages the registration, accumulation, verification, and redemption of academic credits across higher education institutions ("National Education Policy 2020 and the Academic Bank of Credits System in the Context of Educational Development in India", 2023). This architecture formally validates learning across traditional and digital modalities, granting undergraduate students the flexibility to design multidisciplinary pathways and preserve accumulated credits across institutional boundaries ("National Education Policy 2020 and the Academic Bank of Credits System in the Context of Educational Development in India", 2023). Consequently, the integration of ABC mechanisms addresses long-standing jurisdictional rigidities by converting disparate state-level curricula into verifiable, portable assets. However, achieving genuine cross-state fluidity demands that higher education institutions establish uniform credit evaluation protocols and robust technical synchronization. Without uniform institutional adoption, regional variations in credit recognition risk undermining the decentralised flexibility envisioned by the national policy.

References

  1. NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 AND THE ACADEMIC BANK OF CREDITS SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
    Dr. Nitesh Rawat, Dr. Vijay Kumar, Vinay Kumar Yadav et al.
    DOI लिंक
  2. India National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
    Kandi Kamala
    DOI लिंक
  3. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EDUCATION AND NEP 2020: VISION, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES
    Dr. Verma N.
    DOI लिंक
  4. A Study on the Awareness of NEP 2020 in Higher Education Institutions Students in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India
    Srikanta Sahu
  5. TRANSFORMING EDUCATION: UNVEILING THE POTENTIAL OF THE ACADEMIC BANK OF CREDIT WITHIN NEP 2020
    Mr. More V.V. & Dr. Shewkani R.
  6. GLOBALISATION AND NEP 2020: A STEP TOWARDS INTERNATIONALIZATION OF INDIAN EDUCATION
    Mrs. Ashtekar C.S.
  7. NEP AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
    Prof. Jadhav A.S.
  8. Implication Of Yoga Education In Special Reference To NEP 2020
    Dr. Ganesh Maruti Lawangare

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