3.1. Evaluating Sector-Wide Variance in Classification Rules and Grade Attainment
Applying the theoretical framework of neoliberal meritocracy reveals how regulatory oversight by the Office for Students interacts with institutional assessment mechanics to shape contemporary degree outcomes. Although state regulatory frameworks purport to manage equitable educational expansion, market-oriented accountability measures construct student disadvantage as an institutional mechanism to legitimise competitive standing rather than dismantle entrenched hierarchies (Neoliberal Meritocracy, 2021). Within this marketised environment, the internal design of degree classification algorithms represents a critical site of institutional divergence. Higher education providers utilise disparate mathematical models to determine final honours classifications, creating a persistent black box that obscures how awards are generated across the wider sector (Opening the black box of degree classification algorithms, 2024). This algorithmic heterogeneity directly undermines the comparability of grade attainment, prompting heightened scepticism from employers regarding credential signalling while simultaneously generating inequitable outcomes for students assessed under differing institutional rules (Opening the black box of degree classification algorithms, 2024). These disparate algorithmic approaches obscure grading anomalies, preventing transparent sector-level evaluation of whether escalating proportions of upper awards reflect authentic pedagogical gains or tactical calculation. Consequently, regulatory attempts to suppress degree-outcome inflation without standardising underlying algorithmic structures merely intensify competitive institutional differentiation. Rather than securing genuine academic comparability, the coexistence of decentralised classification formulas and centralised quality metrics channels diverse student cohorts through uneven evaluative standards, reinforcing social divisions while outwardly presenting an objective meritocratic system (Neoliberal Meritocracy, 2021). Thus, contemporary quality assurance frameworks inadvertently sustain systemic stratifications across English higher education providers.