3.1. Passive Consumption, Algorithmic Curation, and Psychological Reactivity
The empirical synthesis demonstrates that the escalation of internalising distress among school-aged youth is intimately linked to specific behavioural engagement typologies rather than gross screen duration [3]. Adolescents exhibiting passive consumption routines—such as habitual scrolling through curated feeds—experience heightened vulnerability to appearance-based social comparisons and perceived peer exclusion [3]. These dynamics foster a persistent state of apprehension regarding social standing and validation within the school cohort. Moreover, the literature indicates that emotional regulation deficits heavily exacerbate problematic usage, creating a self-reinforcing cycle wherein digital spaces are utilised as maladaptive coping mechanisms for underlying stress [6]. This reliance frequently undermines authentic self-esteem and fosters heightened interpersonal tension, which is further amplified by negative social perspectives and cyber-victimisation within digital networks [2]. Disrupted nocturnal routines caused by late-night mobile engagement act as an additional physiological pathway, impairing cognitive resilience and amplifying anxiety responses throughout the academic day [2], [3]. Consequently, evidence underscores that internalising symptom trajectories are determined by the interaction between peer benchmarking, compromised regulatory faculties, and sleep displacement within educational environments.